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Nasopharyngeal Cancer

Nasopharyngeal cancer shows marked geographic distribution, with high incidence in South China and Southeast Asia. EB virus infection is the main cause. Radiotherapy is the most important curative treatment, with overall survival exceeding 80%, but local recurrence and distant metastasis still require vigilance.

Risk Factors

· EB virus infection

· South Chinese genetic background and specific HLA genotypes

· Salted fish and nitrite-containing foods

· Smoking and formaldehyde exposure

· Familial clustering

Etiology

EB virus latent membrane proteins activate the NF-κB pathway. Against a background of genetic susceptibility, nitrites and other factors synergistically damage DNA, leading to malignant transformation of the nasopharyngeal epithelium.

Symptoms

Painless cervical lymph node enlargement is the most common presentation. Blood-stained postnasal discharge, unilateral ear fullness, and hearing loss are typical early warning signs. Advanced disease may cause nasal obstruction, headache, diplopia, and facial numbness.

Treatment Options

· Surgery: Small localized recurrent lesions may be resected endoscopically through the nose; residual or recurrent cervical lymph nodes may be treated with neck dissection.

· Minimally invasive treatment: Local recurrent nasopharyngeal lesions may be treated with iodine-125 seed implantation for brachytherapy; image-guided radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation may be used for isolated recurrent lesions.

· Chemoradiotherapy: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy is the cornerstone of curative treatment; induction and adjuvant chemotherapy are used for locally advanced disease.

· Targeted and immunotherapy: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown good efficacy in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer.

· Others: EBV DNA is used to monitor treatment response and follow-up; nutritional support and protection of oral and hearing functions are integrated throughout treatment.

Testing and Diagnosis

Diagnosis is confirmed by nasopharyngoscopy with biopsy. Plasma EBV DNA quantification is a sensitive marker for screening and monitoring. Head and neck MRI is the best method for local staging. PET-CT is used to evaluate distant metastasis.

MDT Team
Bringing together senior experts in China's precision minimally invasive cancer treatment field to provide you with world-leading minimally invasive cancer treatment services.
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Liao Zhengyin
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Extremely adept at minimally invasive interventional therapies for tumors and treatment of cancer pain, proficient in radioactive seed implantation, ablation, and vascular intervention, with a focus on liver cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and bone metastases, and particularly skilled in radioactive seed implantation for refractory cancer pain.
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Xiao Yueyong
Xiao Yueyong
Doctor of Medicine, Professor, and Doctoral Supervisor Chief Physician at Department of Radiological Diagnosis in the No. 1 Medical Center at Chinese PLA General Hospital
Doctor Xiao has an expertise in the individualised minimally-invasive ablation of solid tumours including liver cancer, lung cancer, and pancreatic cancer under the guidance of CT/MRI. Doctor Xiao is proficient in radiofrequency, microwave, cryoablation, and nanoknife ablation technologies, and operates more than thousands of operations annually. Especially, Dr. Xiao has abundant experiences in the precise treatment of the tumours in special anatomical sites such as hepatic hilar region, retroperitoneum, and mediastinal lymph nodes. Further, Dr. Xiao is rather good at combining chemical ablation and seed implantation therapies.
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Zhang Jinshan
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He is very involved in treating tumors and blood vessel diseases, focusing on less invasive procedures for issues like liver cancer, cirrhotic portal hypertension, Budd–Chiari syndrome, narrowing and blockage of peripheral blood vessels, both benign and malignant tumors, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. He was among the first in China to perform advanced techniques such as TIPSS and B-ORTO, filling multiple domestic gaps in the field. He also pioneered temporary hepatic vein occlusion combined with hepatic arterial embolization for the treatment of liver cancer, led the development of standardized treatment protocols for liver cancer, and has made significant contributions to the advancement of interventional medicine in China.
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Hu Xiaokun
Hu Xiaokun
Chief PhysicianProfessorDoctoral SupervisorPostdoctoral mentorDeputy Director of the Interventional Medicine Center of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityDirector of the Qingdao Tumor Interventional Minimally Invasive Technology Innovation Center.Visiting Scholar at Harvard Medical School, USA
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Treatment Technologies
Providing targeted, world-class precision treatment solutions for patients worldwide.
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Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE)
It is primarily used for the palliative treatment of intermediate to advanced-stage primary liver cancer, liver metastases, and hypervascular tumors in areas such as the head, neck, and lungs. It can also be used as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy to help reduce the risk of local recurrence.
NanoKnife Ablation Technology
It is primarily indicated for solid tumors located in anatomically complex regions adjacent to major blood vessels, bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, the intestines, or nerves—such as locally advanced pancreatic cancer, hilar hepatic tumors, renal hilar tumors, and prostate cancer. This technique offers a safe and effective option for curative or cytoreductive treatment in patients with unresectable lesions or tumors unsuitable for conventional thermal ablation.
Iodine-125 Seed Implantation Technology
It is primarily indicated for solid tumors that are unresectable, recurrent, or metastatic after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, including primary liver cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, and pancreatic cancer, as well as recurrent or metastatic tumors of the head and neck and pelvic regions.
Argon-Helium Knife Ablation Therapy
It is widely used in the treatment of liver cancer, lung cancer, renal cancer, as well as bone and soft tissue tumors. The technique is particularly suitable for lesions adjacent to the thoracic or abdominal wall, adrenal glands, and multiple metastatic tumors, making it an important component of the minimally invasive ablation system for solid tumors.
Patient stories
At UNI-ASIA Cancer Hospital, every journey in search of care is marked by courage and hope, and every story bears witness to doctors and patients working together to overcome disease.
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